Computing and indicating system



May 25, l954 H. c. sAvlNo COMPUTING AND INDICATING SYSTEM 5 Sheets-Sheetl Filed Jan. 4, 1952 KOPOwJuw NJDQNIOw JNVENToR. #EA/QV C. .S'A V//VO62;@ fh u A from/V5 May 25, 1954 H. c. sAvlNo 2,679,355

COMPUTING AND INDICATING SYSTEM Filed Jan. 4, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 May25, 1954 H. c, SAvlNo 2,679,355

COMPUTING AND INDICATING SYSTEM Filed Jan. 4, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 3INVENTOR. /vEA/Y C. .SAV/N0 Patented May Z5, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE COMPUTING AND INDICATING SYSTEM Henry C. Savino, Hackensack, N.J.

Application January 4, 1952, Serial No. 264,863

claims. 1

This invention relates to computing and indicating systems and refersmore particularly to a system for indicating deviations from a pre-setschedule.

An object of the present invention is the provision of a computing andindicating system which will automatically compute and indicatedeviations of various machines or the like from a previously setschedule.

Another object of the present invention is the provision oi a computingand indicating system which will compute deviations in the operation ofvarious machines in relation to time, distance, production andpercentage rejects of production.

Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of anautomatically operable indicator which will continuously indicate theprecise amount of deviation of a machine from a pre-set schedule.

A further object is the provision of an elec is the provision of avisual and audible system `f for informing a machine operator,supervisor, and the like, that a pre-determined critical oischeduledeviation point has been reached in the operation of such a machine.

A. further object is the provision of a com" puting and indicatingsystem operated by electrical impulses and which is so constructed thatthe accuracy of each operation is not affected by :fluctuations involtage and temperature.

A, still further object of the present invention the provision ci anovel oi-schedule coniputg indicating system which is inexpensivemanufacture, simple in operation, iiexible and easily adaptable tovarious conditions and requirements through the use of which scheduleselection is made easy and extensive.

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent in thecourse of the following specification.

In attaining the objects of the present invention it was found desirableto provide an cilschcdule indicator comprising one or more dials and .lehand movable over the dial. The dial is divided into one section whichindicates "behind schedule and another section. showing that the machinein question is operating ahead of schedule. The hand is movable inopposite directions by impulses transmitted electrically from. twodiilerent sources. One of these sources emits signals in accordance withpre-set and s in n pre-determined schedules While the other source emitsimpulses according to an actual schedule. The hand on the dial indicatesthe difference between the two signals according to the equation:

wherein SD is the schedule deviation. AS is the actual schedule. PS isthe pre-set schedule.

The impulses representing a pre-set schedule may originate by means of aclock, a tape provided with suitable perforations or by any othersuitable mechanism. The actual schedule may ce represented by impulseswhich emanate from the speedometer of a moving vehicle or from a counteractuated by machines in production and indicating the number of unitsproduced, the number of rejects, and so forth. The indicator may be soconstructed that it will show the actual deviation from a pre-determinedallowable percentage of rejects. Suitable visual or audible signals maybe utilized to indicate to an observer when the permissible limits havebeen exceeded.

The invention will appear more clearly from the following more detaileddescription when taken in connection with accompanying drawings showingby way of example preferred embodiments of the inventive idea.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagram showing an OIT-schedule indicator constructed inaccordance with the principles of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the schedule selector used to selectproduction and speed schedule.

Figure 3 is a diagram showing the electrical impulse emitter and theschedule selector associated therewith.

Figure fi illustrates diagrammatically an attachment adapted for use inconjunction with the apparatus of Figure 3 and consisting of aspeedometer gear unit and a cam switch used when the computing andindicating system is employed for indicating time deviations of avehicle from a pre-set schedule.

Figure 5 illustrates a schedule selector and an impulse emitterassociated therewith, of' a somewhat different form, adapted to selectschedules on a percentage basis.

Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a set of electrical contacts whichoperate each time a production unit is rejected.

Figure '7 illustrates diagrammatically an indicating device of adifferent type which is particularly suitable when deviations on a largescale are to be indicated.

Figure 8 illustrates diagrammatically an indicator capable of operatingin conjunction with a differential gear unit.

Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating a perforated tape unit which may beused as a substitute in accordance with the present invention.

Figure l is a front view illustrating detail the perforated tape ofFigure 9.

Figure ll is a diagram illustrating an apparatus having several rejectcharacteristics.

Figure l2 is a top view of the tape used in the apparatus shown inFigure 11.

Figure I3 is a diagrammatic sectional View along the line I-I 3 ofFigure 11.

As already stated, the apparatus shown in Figures l, 2 and 3 of thedrawings operate to indicate a schedule deviation which is thedifference between actual schedule and pre-set schedule.

The indicator showing the deviation is illustrated in Figure 1 andconsists of a single dial I divided into a behind schedule portion andan ahead schedule portion. In the example illustrated, the behindschedule portion occupies the left half of the dial (looking in thedirection of Figure l) while the ahead schedule portion occupies theright half of the dial. A clocklike hand 2 sweeps over both halves ofthe dial I.

The hand 2 is rmly connected to a gear wheel 3. The wheel 3 is movedstepwise, counter-clockwise by means of a pawl 4 which is pivoted at 5and which is held in its retracted position by means of spring 6. Thepawl 4 is actuated by a coil C. It is apparent that when the coil C isactuated, the pawl 4 will be swung about its pivot 5 and will movecounter-clockwise the wheel 3 and the hand 2 connected therewith. Asecond pawl 7 is located opposite the pawl 4 and is used to move thehand wheel 3 and the hand 2 connected therewith in the oppositedirection, namely clockwise. The pawl I is pivoted at 8 and is held inthe retracted position by the spring 9. The pawl l is actuated by thecoil ST. In the example illustrated the hand 2 is therefore actuatedcounter-clockwise by impulses due to the pre-determined, schedule and isactuated clockwise by impulses due to the actual schedule. It isapparent that this arrangement may be reversed whenever this isdesirable.

A neutralizing coil CN is connected in parallel with a coil ST while aneutralizing coil SN is connected in parallel with a coil C. It isapparent that the coil CN has the effect of neutralizing the coil ST.The neutralizing coils CN and SN are used to neutralize the coils C andST when the impulses caused by the predetermined schedule and by theactual schedule occur simultaneously. It is apparent that in the absenceof the neutralizing coils the pawls I and 'I will endeavor to move thewheel 3 simultaneously in opposite directions with the resulting strainupon the structure.

rIhis strain is eliminated by the neutralizing coils CN and SN since dueto their provision only the difference between the impulses caused bythe pre-determined schedule and by the actual schedule is transmitted tothe wheel 3 and the hand 2. Thus, when a series of electrical impulsesproduced by the predetermined schedule exceeds the series of impulsesproduced by the actual schedule, the hand 2 will move counterclockwise anumber of steps which is equal to the diierence between the two seriesof impulses. On the other hand, when the series oi impulses produced bythe actual schedule exceeds the series of impulses produced by thepre-set schedule, the hand 2 will move stepwise, clockwise, the numberof steps being equal to the difference between the two series ofimpulses.

At times it may be desirable to provide either in the vicinity of theindicator, Figure l, or at a remote point thereof, a visual and audiblewarning system which is set in operation when a predetermined maximumdeviation from a pre-set schedule has been reached. The visual system isprovided by the lamps I2 and I3 While the sound system is indicated bythe bell or buzzer I4. The lamp I2 is electrically connected with asegment or contact I I located upon the dial I in a position whichcorresponds to the maximum allowable behind schedule point. The lamp I2may be of red color. A contact I Il is carried by the hand 2 and isadapted to engage the Contact I I at the maximum allowable behindschedule point. When the two contacts are engaged an electrical circuitwill be established which will light the lamp I2.

A contact IG is located upon the section of the dial I which isindicated as ahead schedule, and the location of the Contact I0corresponds to the maximum allowable ahead of schedule point. It isapparent that when the hand 2 is moved to the position corresponding tothe allowable ahead of schedule point, the contact I I1 will engage thecontact I 0, thereby providing the flow of an electrical current whichwill illuminate lamp I3. The lamp I3 may be of green color. The bell I4is operatively connected with the lamps I2 and I3 through the medium ofblocking rectiners RXI and RXZ. It is apparent that the blockingrectiflers are utilized to prevent the energization of the lamp I3 whenthe lamp I 2 is energized and also to prevent energizing the lamp I2when the lamp I3 is energized. The brush IIl may be connected by anysuitable means indicated diagrammatically in the drawings to thepositive side of a source of electrical energy, while the lamps I2 andI3 and the bell I4 may be connected to the negative side of the samesource of electrical energy.

Figures 2 and 3 of the drawings illustrate the means producing impulsescaused by the pre-set schedule and the actual schedule which arethereupon transmitted to the indicator shown in Figure l.

It is apparent that the aggregate illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and5 may be utilized to indicate deviations of production, time andproduction rejects. When the computer of the present invention is usedto indicate oir-schedule production it must take into account theelapsed time, the scheduled time per unit of production, and the actualnumber of units produced to give the off-schedule production in terms ofunits.

Figure 2 of the drawings illustrates a schedule selector having a dialI8@ provided with a schedule I6, divided 0 to 60. In the exampleillustrated, the scale I5 is calibrated to represent 60 seconds. It isapparent, however, that any other calibration can be utilized.

A hand or arm I`Il is movable over the dial I8a and is firmly connectedto a disk I'I. The arm I l1 carries a Contact I il which is attached toa line LSZ. A contact 20 is located opposite the O position of the scaleI8 and is attached to the line LSI. Preferably the Contact 2D isimlmovably mounted in this position. An oscillating arm 2| is mountedover the scale |'6 and is provided with a contact le which may beattached by any suitable means to the positive side of an electricalsource of energy. As shown. in Figure 3, the arm 2i is nrmly mountedupon a shaft 2 |1. A gear 2t is keyed upon the shaft 2 l1 so that thegear 24 moves along with the arm 2|. The gear 24 meshes with the gears23 and 22. The gear 23 is carried upon a shaft 291. A magnetic clutch Ais connected with a shaft 291. rlhe clutch A includes a clutch plate 21and an electric coil CA. The other plate 28 of the magnetic clutch isconnected with a shaft 29 and a gear 3| mounted opon the shaft 2t.

Similarly, the gear 22 ris carried by the shaft 301 which is connectedwith a magnetic clutch B. The clutch B includes a plate and coil CB foroperating the clutch. The plate cooperates with the second pli-te 225iof the clutch B which is connected to a shaft 3u. A gear meshing withthe gear 3l is mounted upon the shaft 3l?.

The pre-set impulses are produced yby a clock 33 which is connected tothe shaft 2S by acoupling 34.

It is apparent that when the electrical current flows through the coilCA, the magnetic clutch A will be energized, thereby connecting 21 and28. Then the clock will be operativeh7 connected with the arm 2i throughthe coupling 34, the shaft 29, the plates 2i! and 2l, the shaft 251, thegear 23, the gear 2t, and the shaft 211. Thus the motion of the clock 33will tend to move the arm 2l in one direction. y

The magnetic clutch B is energized when an electrical current flowsthrough. the coil CB. Then the plates 35 and 2t will be joined, with theresult that the shaft @t and the gear 32 mounted thereon will heconnected with the arm 2| through the plates 2li and 25, the shaft till,the gears 22 and 2li, and the shaft 2|1. As already stated, the shaft 2Scarries the gear 3| which meshes with the gear 32. It is thus apparentthat when the magnetic clutch A is disengaged, while the magnetic clutchB is engaged, the clock 33 will rotate the arm 2| in the oppositedirection. lt is further apparent that if the clutches A and E areenergized consecutively, the arm 2| will oscillatc hack and forth overthe scale I6.

The apparatus of Figure 3 .includes a relay Y which is used to controlthe action of magnetic clutches A and B and consequently of the rotaryarm 2l. relay Y is also used. to transmit impulses caused by the pre-setschedule to the stepping coil C oi' Figure l.

The relay Y is a llwpole, double-throw relay which includes contactsYiii to Yl, YZI and Y22, E725- and YES, as well as coils YM and YN. Inthe position illustrated, the relay Y is de-energized. Then the contactslilo-YI i, Y|3-Y|S, and Y2il-2| are closed while the contacts Y! im,firk-YM, Y2|-Y22, and YM--YEE are open.

It is apparent that when. the relay Y is energized, the above-describedclosed contacts will open while the open contact will be closed.

The coil STM is the energizing coil which is us -d to close the relay Y.It is apparent that this coil Yll/L is connected with the coil Cn of theclutch A. The coil YN used the daenergizing coil which switches off therelay YEhe magnetic effect ci the coil YN is opposed to that of coil YM.

the plates The apparatusfshown in Figure 3 also :includes a relay Swhich contains ya coil CS connected to the 'negative side of a sourceAof electrical energy and to a conduit S6 which is connected totheconduit S4. The relay S also includes contacts S! which are connected toblocking rectifers and RXfl. The latter are connected to the contactsyi722 and YZI), respectively. The relayfS is utilized to make certainthat the impulses produced by the pre-set schedule will operate thestepper coil C of the indicator shown in Figure l before energizing andcle-energizing the relay Y.

Let it be assumed now that the production schedule calls for one articleor unit production to be produced every l5 seconds. Then the operatormust turn the dial 1 with its arm |11 to the numeral i5 upon the scaleI6. Since the arm |11 is connected with the lember |1, the contact iSwill he positioned opposite the numeral I5. The arm 2| will be locatedinitially in a position in which it points to il upon the scale it sothat the contact lil of the arm 2| will be in engagement with thecontact 2t which is permanently located opposite the O-position. Thenthe operator depresses the pushbutton 40, to start the operation.Thereupon an electrical circuit is i'orrned from the plus side of theline to the contacts Yii and YM, the coil CB of the clutch B, thecontacts Yiu and Y2 l, and the negative side of vthe supply line. Thusthe clutch B will be energized by the coil CB so that the movement ofthe clock. 33 will be transmitted to the arm 2| through the shaft w thegears 3| and 32, the

,- plates :2K5 and 25, the shaft 381, the gears 22 and 2li, and theshaft 2|1. The arm 2| will thereupon inovc clockwise over the scale I 6.Since the scale i6 will be calibrated in seconds in this example, at theend of the l5 seconds the arin 2| will move over Vthe arm |11, and theContact I9 of the arin 2| will be brought in engagement with the ContactI8 of the arm |11. This engagement of the contact i9 with the contactIii Will result in the following circuits:

The stepping coil C of the indicator of Figure l, along with its wireS4, will be energized since, as already stated, the Wire Sli isconnected to the wire S6. rI'he circuit leading to the coil C willinclude the plus side of a supply line, the contacts I3 and i9, the lineL52, `contact Y|3 and YM, the line S5, the line S, coil C, and hack tothe negative side of the supply line.

The coil C, after being energized, will swing the pawl 4, and thismovement of the pawl 4 will turn Vthe Wheel 3 and the hand 2 connectedtherewith one step counter-clockwise over the scale Since the coilCS ofthe relay S is connected to the line Sii and to the negative side of thesupply line, the relay S will also be energized, with the result thatthe contacts Si will be closed.

Thereupon the magnetic coil CA of the magnetic clutch A' will heenergized by way of the positive side of a power source, the contacts |8and i9, the line LSE, the coil CA, the blocking `rectifier contact SIand the negative side of the power source. l't is apparent thattemporarily the clutches B and A will be energized at the same time.kThis is required in order that the yclutch plate 21 of the 4clutch maymove towards the plate 28 beiore the clutch B is deenertherebypreventing lost motion. The parts are so arranged and the timing is suchthat when the clutch plates 2l and 28 of the clutch A are hrought intoengagement, the plates 25 and 26 of the clutch Bvwill be disengaged.

The-coil y,Ylvloi' the relay Y will Aalso be energized as the result oia circuit which includes the plus side of a source of power, thecontacts I9 and I8, the line LSE, the coil YM, the block ing rectifierRXE), contacts SI, and the negative side of the same source of power. Asa result oi the energization of the relay Y, the contacts of the relayshown as being closed in Figure 3, will open while the open contactswill close.

As a result of the energization of the relay Y the magnetic clutch Bwill become de-energized since the contacts YI D-Yi I, and Y2 B-YZ l,will open. However, the coil YM will continue to remain energized, dueto the provision of a holding circuit which includes the positive sideoi a power source, the contacts YII-YI2, the coil YM, the contacts Y2l-Y22 (which are now closed), and the negative side of the power source.

The coil CS of the -relay S of ligure 3 and the stepper coil C of theindicator of Figure l become both de-energiced when the contacts YI3 andYI4 open. As result of the deenergization of the coil C, the stem erpawl 4 will be returned by the spring to its original inoperativeposition shown in Figure l.

It is apparent that the magnetic clutch A is now energized while theclutch B is cle-energized. Thus the cloclr S3 will be connected with thearm 2i through the shaft $.52, the gears 23 and 24, and the shaft 2I1.Therefore the arm 2I will now move counter-clockwise.

It is further apparent that this action of reversing the direction ofmovement of the arm 2l takes place very rapidly so that the time lost asa result of this reversal is negligible in most cases. However, the timelost on the average can be easily determined and allowance can be madefor the time lost through appropriate graduations of the scale id. Thusthe accuracy of the operation will be assured.

At the end of the counter-cloclnvise movement of the arm 2i it willreach the O-position, and the contact i9 will again engage the contact2B. Then the ollowing circuit will be established'.

The coil C or" the indicator I will be energized again by a circuitwhich includes the plus side oi source of power, the contacts I9 and 20,the line LSl, contacts YlE and YI4, line S5, line S4 connectedtherewith, the coil C, and the negative side of the source of power. Dueto the energzation of coil C the pawl l will again be actuated and willturn the wheel 3 and the hand 2 connected t u Tn one stepcounter-clockwise, in the same n er as previously described.

The relay S will be energized again, by of the previously describedcircuit.

The clutch will be energized as the result oi an electrical circuitwhich includes the coil CB of the clutch and which comprises thepositive side or" a power source, contacts I9 and 2, line LSS, coil CB,blocking rectiiier RX4, contacts Si, and the negative side of the powersource.

In this case also the two magnetic clutches A and B are temporarilyenergized at the same time so that the plate of the clutch B can moveinto engagement with the plate 26 before the clutch A is cle-energized.The timing is such that when the clutch plates 25 and 26 of the clutch Bare engaged, the clutch plates 2'.' and 28 are disengaged.

The relay Y becomes inoperative at that time since its neutralizing coilYN is energized by an electrical circuit which includes the plus side oia power source, contacts I9 and 20, line LSI,

8 contacts YI5 and YI4, contacts Y24 and Y25, coil YN, rectiiier RX4,contacts SI and the negative side of the power source.

As soon as the relay Y becomes inoperative, these contacts are movedback to the position shown in Figure 2. Thereupon the coil CB of themagnetic clutch B becomes energized once more while the coil CA of themagnetic clutch A is now de-energized.

When the contacts YI5 and YI4 open, the coil CS of the relay S and thecoil C of the indicator shown in Figure 1 become de-energized.

The magnetic clutch B is now energized while the magnetic clutch A isde-energized. Then the arm 2l moves again clockwise from the 0-positionto the position l5 on the scale I6, and thus the cycle is repeated.

It is thus apparent that the impulses of the pre-set schedule areproduced by means of the clock 33 and are used to move the hand 2counterclockwise.

The impulses caused by the actual schedule are produced by the contacts44 of Figure l. These contacts are closed and opened by a cam 4I whichis mounted upon the shaft 42. The shaft 42 is connected to any suitableproduction machine 43 which is illustrated diagrammatically in thedrawing.

When the contacts 44 close, the stepper coil ST of the indicator shownin Figure l will be energized by an electrical circuit which includesthe plus side of a source of power, the contacts 44, line S5, coil ST,and the negative side of the same source of power. When the coil ST isencrgized, the pawl 1 will be attracted and will swing toward the coil,thereby moving the stepper wheel 3 and the hand 2 connected therewithone step clockwise.

As soon as the contacts 44 open, the coil ST will become aie-energized,and the pa-wl I will be returned to its original position by the spring9. The cam 4I is arranged to close and open the contacts 44 in suchmanner that the impulses received by the coil ST are of the sameduration as the impulses received by the coil C.

It is thus apparent that every time a unit of production is completedthe coil ST may receive one impulse, to move the hand 2 one stepclockwise.

A5 far as the equation SD=AS -PS is concerned, it is apparent that theindicator I is operated to show directly the difference between thepre-set schedule and the actual schedule.

The computer illustrated in Figures l, 2, and 3 may also be used toindicate time deviations from predetermined operational schedules, suchas a schedule for operating or showing the movement of trains, buses, orother vehicles. Such operational schedule takes into account the elapsedtime, the distance traveled, and the pre-set speed schedule. Inaccordance with the present invention, the mechanism shown in Figures l,2 and 3 may lbe combined with mechanical elements shown in Figure 4, toshow directly the deviationg from a pre-set operational schedule.

In the equation SD--AS-PS it is apparent that AS represents the timethat the vehicle has actually traveled according to a scheduled speed.PS represents the time that the vehicle should have traveled at thepre-set speed, DT is the time deviation and SS is the scheduled speed.If both parts of theequationlare multiplied by the factor; K, theequation will be In this equation SD is the schedule devia-tion inminutes. SS is theschedule speed in miles per hour. ET is the elapsedtime in minutes, and Kv is the basic electrical impulse rate per minutewhich is based upon the smallest divisionmarked on the dial I of theindicator of Figure 1, and represent-- ing the smallest time unit.

The result of the above equation is represented directly upon theindicator of Figure 1. The impulses due to ET are produced by closingand opening the contacts 3l shown in Figure 3V, at a uniform rate perminute. The contacts are ac tuated by a cam disk Bt, connected to ashaft 35. The shaft is coupled by any suitable means to the shaft 3s,carrying the clock 33. Thus the clock mechanism 33 is directly connectedto the cam disk 3S so that the contacts 31 will close and open at auniform rate of speed, depending upon the L selected factor K. If thesmallest divisionl on the dial I of the indicator, shown in Figure i, is1 minute, then K equals l, so that the contacts 3l' will close and openonce every minute.

On the other hand, if the smallest division desired is 1/2 minute, thenthe factor K equals 2, and the contacts 3l will be closed and openedtwice every minute.

In the example illustrated K equals 1 so that the contacts 31 close andopen once every minute by the clock 33. The closing of the contacts 3lwill energize the stepper coil C (Figure l), by means of an electricalcircuit which includes the positive side of the power supply, contacts3l, line S'l, line Sil-which is now connected to the line Sl-coil C, andthe negative side of the source of electrical power. As soon as the coilC is energized, the pawl Il. will be attracted and will engage the wheel3, turning the wheel 3 and the hand 2 connected therewith one stepcounter-clockwise. It is apparent that the hand 2 will be steppedcounter-clockwise over the dial I at the rate of one step per minute.

The closing and the openingof the contacts 37 takes place at a veryrapid rate s0 that the duration of the impulse is the same as that ofthe im pulses emitted by the selector of Figure 2 which was previouslydescribed.

By way of illustration let it be assumed that a vehicle is scheduled totravel at a speed of miles per hour. The distance-actuated impulses,which are equal to DT divided by SS, multiplied by 60, are produced byconnecting the speedometer cable 38 shown in Figure 4, to the impulseemitter unit of Figure 3 by means of the gear reduction unit 39 and theshaft 391 which is connected to the shaft 30 by any suitable means. Theshaft 30 carries a gear 32, as previously described. Thus thespeedometer cable 38 is now connected to the schedule selector mechanismso that the. oscillatingarm 2|, shown in Figures 2 and 3, is now movedby the motion of the vehicle transmitted by the speedometer cable 38.Let it bev assumed that the speedometer cable 38 rotates at the rate of1000 revolutions per mile of travel and that the schedule selector has aspeed range varying between O and 60. miles per hour. In that case thegear reduction of the member 39 of Figure 4 will be 1000: 1, this beingbasedupon the K factor of 1. If' K equals 2, the gear ratio of the 10apparatus 39 would have to beY 500:1. In the de scribed illustration theoscillating arm 2l moves to the extent of 360 per eachmile traversedbythe vehicle. Therefore the factor SS can also be expressed in degreeswith the number of miles traveled, which is equal to DT, multiplied by350, and with the schedule speed SS being expressed in the number ofdegrees that the member I'I' (Figure 2) is rotated in selected thespeed. When is expressed in degrees, the factor "60 in the equation iseliminated so that the equation reads as follows:

As already stated in the assumed example, the member I'I of the scheduleselector of Figure 2 is rotated to a position showing the 30 miles perhour speed, or 180 from the 0 position. Then the arm 2i' will swing backand forth between the ccntacts I8 and 2t in the manner described. Forevery mile of travel the arm 2l moves between the contacts Itl and 20for a total of 360 and at the same time two electrical impulses areemitted by the schedule selector to the stepper coil ST of the indicatorof Figure 1, to move the hand 2 clockwise in the previously describedmanner.

Thus, when the schedule selector is set for thirty miles lper hour, thearm 2i Will rotate to the extent of 180 and then reverse. At a speed offifteen miles per hour the arm will rotate before it reverses.

Every time the contact I9 engages the contacts I8 or 20, one impulsewill be emitted to the stepper coil ST of the indicator of Figure 1.

While at the ratei o-f thirty miles per hour two impulses are emittedfor each mile of travel, at the rate of fifteen miles per hour, fourimpulses must be emitted to compensate for the impulses produced by thecam switches 31.

An examination of the equation shows that if at the end of fifteen milestwentyve minutes have elapsed, and if the scheduled speed is thirtymiles per hour, the formula will become l5 56X 60))(1-25Xl er SS )X l-251= +5 minutes amount to 30 while the clock-actuated impulses ET areequal to 25, plus the dierence of ve impulses transmitted by the coil STto step the hand 2 clock-wise iive times.

Let it be assumed that at the end of thirty miles the time elapsed isseventy minutes; the equation will then read as follows:

Thus the vehicle is then behind schedule to the extent of ten minutes,and the hand 2 of the indicator oi" Figure 1 has been stepped ten timescounter-clockwise, to indicate that the correct position is ten minutesbehind schedule. The number of impulses emitted by the impulse unit orFigure 3 to the coil ST is equal to sixty while the number of impulsesemitted by the` switches 3l and transmitted tc the coil C of Figure 1are equal to seventy, the diilerence being minus ten.

The computer of the present invention may be utilized to indicateolf-schedule rejects for use in industrial production. Then the computertakes the percentage of the allowable reject level into account, theamount of production units inspected, and the actual number of unitsrejected. The indicator will give an indication of the number of unitsahead or behind a pre-set reject level. Since the indicator givescontinuous direct indications, a supervisor or foreman will be able totake immediate corrective steps when the rejects are in excess of apre-set reject level.

1n the equation previously set forth,

AS represents the actual number of units rejected while PS representsthe pre-set percentage of allowable rejects. The term PS is equal to APtimes U, where AP is the allowable percentage, while UI is the number ofunits inspected. Then the equation becomes As in the previouslydescribed example, this equation is embodied into an apparatus whereinit is represented by electrical impulses.

The impulses due to AS are produced by Suitable rejects countercontactsJ l and J2, shown in Figure 3, which may be temporarily closed by pushbuttons, photo-electric circuits, or any other known suitable means. Thecontacts JI and J2 are closed every time a production unit is rejectedbecause it does not meet inspection specications.

When the computer is utilized for this purpose, the line LJ 2 of Figure6 is directly connected to the line S of Figure 1 so that when thecontacts JI and J2 are closed, the stepper coil ST oi Figure 1 isenergized by a circuit which includes the positive side of a source ofpower, contacts JI-J 2, line LJ 2, line S5, coil ST, and the negativeside of the same source of electrical energy. As soon as the steppercoil ST is energized, the pawl l will be actuated and will move thewheel 3 and the hand 2 connected therewith clockwise in the previouslydescribed manner. When the apparatus is used for this purpose, the lampI3 may be red in color while the lamp I2 may be green.

The impulses representing the pre-set allowable percentage (AP times UI)are emitted by the apparatus shown in Figure 5 of the drawings. Thisapparatus included a schedule selector 55,

12 a stepper switch 45, relays R, CE and CC and countercontacts KI andK2.

The schedule selector 55 has a dial upon which contacts BI to BI,inclusive, are arranged. These contacts are arranged in a circle and areused to represent allowable reject percentages, ranging from l to 10. Adial 55 is located in the center of the device 55 and may be rotated toselect a pre-set reject schedule. The dial 56 is firmly connected to anarm 5l which rotates, along with the member 56. A brush 58 is attachedto the arm 5'I in such position that it can move over any one of thecontacts BI to B. The stepper 45 has a dial and a toothed stepper wheel43 which is located in the center thereof and which carries an arm 46.The arm 4B is` firmly connected to the wheel 4B and is movabletherewith. The wheel 48 is actuated in one direction by a pawl 4Q whilea pawl 50 moves it in the opposite direction. The pawl 49 is pivotedintermediately its ends and is attracted by a coil 52. The pawl 50 ispivoted in a. similar manner and is attracted by a coil 5I. Two contacts54 are located close to the pawl 49 in such position that the pawl 49closes the contacts 54 when the pawl 48 is attracted by the coil 52 andis moved to engage the wheel 48. Similarly, contacts 53 are closed bythe pawl 50 when the latter is moved by the coil 5I to engage the wheel48.

The brush 4l, which is carried by the arm 46, is connected to the plusside of a source of electrical energy. The brush or contact 41 may bemoved into engagement with a number of contacts located on the dial ofthe instinment 45 and designated as CIO, CII, CI2, Cl4, CIG, C20, C25,C33, C50, and Cl, in Figure As shown in Figure 5, these contacts areelectrically connected with the contacts BI to BIII of the instrument45. The contact CI is located ten steps to the right (looking in thedirection of Figure 5) of the contact C0 so that the brush 4l, carriedby the arm 45, will engage the contact CIS, after the arm 45 has beenstepped clockwise 10 steps. The contact CII is located 11 steps to theright of the contact C0, while the contact CIZ is located l2 stepsbeyond the contact C0. Simi.

larly, the contact CI4 is located 14 steps away; the contact C, 16 stepsaway; the contact C20, 20 steps'away; the contact C25, 25 steps away;the contact C33', 33 steps away; the contact C50, 50 steps away, and thecontact CI00 is located 100 steps beyond the contact C0. As alreadystated, the contact Cl0 is electrically connected to the contact BII!which represents a schedule of 10% rejects. The contact CII is connectedwith B9 and represents 9.1%, and so forth.

The relay R is a Ll-pole, double-throw, telephone type relay, and itincludes a main coil RM, used to actuate the relay. The relay isneutralized by the neutralizing coil RN. The relay includes contactsRID, RII, R2, RIS, RI4, RI5, R2I, R22, R24, and R25. Figure 5 shows therelay R in its inoperative position in which the contacts RIU-RII andRI3-RI4 are closed while the contacts RII--RI2, Rill-R15, R2I R22, andR24-R25 are open. When the relay R is made operative by the energizationof the coil RM, the closed contacts will open while the open contactswill close.

The apparatus also includes a relay E, comprising the energizing coil CEconnected to contacts RIS. The energizing coil CE is used to actuatecontacts El and E2 connected to the contact R25. A relay C includes anenergizing coil geteste CC which is used to `actuate contactsv CI, C2,and C3. It is apparent that the relay E is made operativeby energizingthe coil CE which will cause the contacts El and E2 to close. The relayC is made operative by energizing the coil CC which closes the contactsC2, C I, and opens the contacts C3, and C2.

The apparatus also includes countercontacts .KI-K2 which aretenfnporarilyy closed, every time a production unit is brought forinspection. Any suitable means can be used to close these contacts, suchas push buttons, mechanical means, or photo-electric circuits. Everytime contacts Ki- KZ close, the stepper coil 52- or the stepper coil 5Iwill be energized in the following manner:

Let it be assumed that for a certain production line the normal numberof rejects is 10% so that anything above 10% is not to be allowed. Thenthe schedule selector dial 56 is rotated to the 10% position in whichthe brush 58 is in engage-l ment with the contact BI. The arm 46 is alsoassumed to be in the O-position in whichthe contact 4l is in engagementwith the contact C0.

Every time a production unit is brought for inspection, contacts KI andK2 are momentarily closed and the stepper coil is energized by means ofa circuit which includes the plus side of the line, the contacts K2y andKI, the contacts RIO, RII, and line L3, the coil 5I, the line L2,contacts C3 and C2, and back to the negative side of the line. In Viewof the energization of the coil 5 I,fthe pawl 58 will be attracted, andthe gear wheel 48 as well as the arm 5E carried thereby, will be movedone step clockwise.

It is apparent that the relay CC will operate at the same time butwithout performing any useful work. After ten production units have beenbrought up for inspection, namely after the contacts KI and K2 wereclosed and opened ten times, the wheel 48 and the arm 46 will be movedstepwise ten times clockwise, and at that time the brush 47, carried bythe arm 46, will be moved into contact with the Contact CI!) upon thedial 45. As a result of the interengagement of the contacts 4l and CID,the following will take place:

The coil C of Figure 1 will receive an electrical impulse due to thecreation of an electrical circuit, which includes the positive side ofthe line, the brush til, the contact CIG, the contact BID, which isconnected with the contact CIU, the brush 58, the rectifier RX?connected to the brush 58, the contacts Ri and R54, the line L6, theline Sli (Fig. l) which is connected to the line L6, the coil C of theapparatus I, and the negative side of the line. Then the handf2 ofFigure 1 will be moved one step counter-clockwise. At the same time, thecoil CC (Fig. 5) will be energized as the result of an electricalcircuit which includes the positive side of the line, contacts KI andKZ,the coil CC, contacts 53, and then the negative side of the line. Due tothe energization of the coil CC, the contacts C3 and C2 will open whilethe contacts C2 and Cl will be moved into engagement with each other. Asa result of the closing of the contacts C2 and CI, the coil CC willremain energized although the contacts 53' will be open.

The opening of the contacts C3-C2 will open the common return to thenegative line of the power supply of the stepper coils 5I and 52. Duetothis arrangement no reversal of the direction ofthe arm 45 can takeplace while the contacts KI and K2 are closed. Without this provision anincorrect movement of the arm 461 in theoppo'site direction(y couldoccur.

Furthermore, due to the engagementr of the brush 41 with the contactCID, the coil CE of the relay E will be energized and will close thecontacts EI and E2. This will take place in View of the fact that thecoil CE is connected to the line L6 and to the negative side of thepower line.

The relay E is thus energized and this makes sure that an impulse willbe emitted to the stepper coil CN of Figure 1 before the relay Ris madeoperative and then inoperative.

The relay R becomes operative since the coil RM is energized as a resultof an electrical cir-i cuit which includes the plus side of the sourceof electrical energy, the brush fil, contact CiU, contact BH3, brush 58,the coil RM, rectifier RXb, contacts EI and E2, and the negative side ofthe cource of electrical power. Then the contacts of the relay R, shownopen in Figure 5, will close, and the closed contacts will be opened.

As a result of the closing of the contacts REF-R22 and the contactsRfid-R25, the positive and the negative sides of the pcwer source willbe connected directly to the coil Ril/l so as to provide a holdingcircuit. The contacts RES-Rill will open and thus the coils CE andy Cwill be ole-energized. The contacts RIG- RH will open the circuit of thestepper coil 5 I. On the other hand, the ccntacts Ri i-Ri2 will close toform a circuit, including the coil 52. Therefore on the next impulseresulting from closing of the contacts and K2, the arrn t5 will movecounter-clockwise.

It is thus apparent that the circuits are now set up in such manner thatwhen the contacts B2i and K2 are closed momentarily, the stepper coil 52will become energized by means of a circuit which includes the plus sideor" the line, the contacts lll-K2, contacts Rit- RM line Li, coil lineL2, contacts C3-C2, and the negative side ci the power source. Then thestepper coil E2 will attract the stepper pawl t8 and cause it to engagethe toothed wheel as a result of which the arm fit will move one stepcounterclockwise.

The relay C will be operated in the previously described manner.

After 10 more production units have been brought up for inspection, andthe contacts lib-K2 have been brought l0 times in and out of engagement,the arm i5 will move counterclockwise 10 steps so that the brush di,carried by the arm (i5, will be moved back into engagement with thecontact Cil. As soon as the brush 41 engages the Contact Cil, thefollowing operations will take place:

One more impulse will be emitted to the stepper coil C of the apparatusi (Fig. l), as a result oi an electrical circuit which includes thepositive side of the line, the brush lll, contact C9, rectifier RXE,contacts Rit-RIS, the line L6, the line Sii (Fig. l), the stepper coilC, and the negative side of the line.

The coil CC of the relay C will then be energized in the previouslydescribed manner.

The coil CE of the relay E' will also be energzed as previouslydescribed.

The relay E will be made inoperative since an electrical circuit will beestablished through its neutralizing coil RN by way of plus side ci theline, contact Cil, coil RN, contacts Ell-E2, and the negative side of asource of electrical energy. Then the contacts of relay R will assumethe initial position shown in Figure so that the arm 46 can moveclockwise in the previously described manner.

It is apparent from the above that as a result of the describedoperations the arm 46 will be stepped clockwise 10 times and then itreverses its direction of movement so that it will be steppedcounter-clockwise 10 times whereupon its direction of movement is againreversed. For every 10 steps, one impulse will be transmitted to thestepper coil C of the indicator of Figure i so that the hand 2 of thisindicator will be moved counter-clockwise one step.

It is apparent that these impulses represent the allowable percentage ofrejects which in the example set orth amounts to 10%. it is apparentthat if the allowable percentage of rejects is 5 then it will benecessary7 for the arm 46 to be stepped 20 times before its direction ofmovement is reversed and one impulse will be transmitted to the coil Cof Figure l for every 20 steps or for every 20 production units broughtfor inspection.

Assuming that upon completion of the inspection of 100 units l5 unitshave been rejected as not meeting test specifica-tions and furtherassuming that the allowable rejects schedule is l then the followingequations mus be considered:

In other words, when iifteen impulses were emitted by the contacts J l-J2, ten impulses were emitted by the unit of Figure 5. The differencebetween these impulses amounting to iive impulses indicates that theimpulses transmitted to the coil ST exceed by rive the number ofimpulses transmitted to the coil C, with the result that the hand 2 wasmoved ve steps clockwise to indicate that the rejects schedule has beenexceeded by five units, so that corrective measures must be taken.

It is apparent that while the apparatus of Figures 5 and 6 has beendescribed in conjunction with the rejects schedule, it may be used inall instances where an article or product which is being produced is tobe measured in percentages of another article, product, or the like.

The indicator of Figure 7 may be applied when the computing andindicating system is being used to represent the olf-schedule time of atrain; for example, where a train may be behind its regular schedule by`many hours.

Figure '7 shows an indicator 14 having a behind schedule portion and anahead schedule portion 15. The apparatus also includes a second dial 31having a behind schedule scale and an ahead schedule scale.

The indicator includes a hand 21 which is movable along with a gearwheel 19. The gear 1S meshed with a gear 8% which is connected with agear box lll. A hand 82 connected to the gear box 8| is movable over thedial 81. Due to this arrangement the motion of the hand 21 istransmitted to the hand 82, and the gear box 8l is used to cause thehand 82 to move in the same direction as hand 21. The ratio or" all thegears is such that when the hand 21 has completed one revolution, thehand 82 has moved one division or one scale unit upon the dial 81. Inthe example illustrated, the scales 15 and 1B are calibrated in minuteswhile the dial 81 is calibrated in hours, and divisions up to threehours may be read directly upon the scale. It is apparent that thiscalibration may be changed at will.

When the hand 21 is moved counter-clockwise,

to indicate that a train is behind schedule, the brush H11 engages thesegment 90, with the result that the lamp 11 is illuminated by a circuitwhich includes the plus side of a power source, the brush 83, thesegment 84, the brush H11, the segment 90, lamp 11, and the ngative sideof the power source. The lamp is so located that only the scale 15 willbe illuminated by it and will be Visible to an observer. When the hand21 is moved clockwise, the brush H11 will move in contact with thesegment 89 and then the lamp 18 will be illuminated by a similarcircuit. The lamp 12 is placed to illuminate only the scale 16. It isapparent that the lamp 11 may be red in color while the lamp 18 may begreen.

The segment 90 is connected in parallel with the segment and is' of suchlength that the brush 53 may come in contact with the segment 85whereupon the brush H11 is deenergized as the brush 83 leaves thesegment 84. The purpose of this arrangement is to provide a constructionwherein if the hand 21 is moved counterclockwise to a point where thebrush H11 comes in contact with the segment 89, it will not energize thelamp 18 used to illuminate the ahead of schedule scale.

The segment 89 is connected in parallel with the segment 8G and operatesin the same manner as the segment except that the device is operablewhen used to indicate the ahead of schedule scale.

A somewhat diilerent indicator actuating unit is illustrated in Figure8. This device may also be used to receive impulses produced by theactual schedule and impulses produced by the pre-set schedule so as togive the resultant deviations directly. ln the example illustrated, theimpulses due to the actual schedule are used to actuate the stepper coilST1 by way of the line S51 and to actuate pawl 11 which in its turnengages the stepper ratchet El, thereby moving the shaft SI1 in thedirection illustrated.

The impulses due to the pre-set schedule are used to energize the coilC1 by way of the line S41 and to actuate the pawl 41 which in its turnengages the stepper ratchet 62 to move the shaft 621 in the directionopposite from that of the shaft 611. The shaft 611 is connected to agear 63 which is connected to the gear 65. The shaft 621 is connected toa gear 64 which is connected to the gear 6B of the differential gearunit 13. The differential gear unit 13 includes the gear 65 which isfirmly connected to a miter gear 61 while the gear 66 is firmlyconnected to a miter gear B8. The miter gear ES which rides on the mitergears 61 and GS is connected to the shaft 1l so that it can rotate aboutan axis designated by the line y-y in Figure 8. The shaft 1l is nrmlyconnected to the shaft 1G by means of a pin 12, and a hand 211 isconnected to shaft 1li.

When the impulses produced by the actual schedule and the pre-setschedule are balanced, the gears 61 and 68 rotate at the same rate butin opposite directions so that the entire gear 69 will rotate about theaxis y-y but will not rotate about the axis c-au Consequently, the hand211 will not move.

Let it be assumed, however that the series of impulses due to the actualschedule exceed the series of impulses due to the pre-set schedule. Thenthe gear 61 will rotate faster than the gear 68, the difference betweenthe speeds being equal to the dierence between the two series ofimpulses. Then the gear 69 will rotate not only about theaxis yL-ybutitwill also. move. the f shaft .1l about the axis :c-tc.vTher-esuli..isthat .the shalt le, with the hand- 211, will be rotatedclockwise anumber of. steps .equalto .thediiern yence `between theactual .scheduleA and the preiset z schedule series ou? impulses.

`When the impulses due to the pre-set schedule i exceedy the impulsesdue tothe actualv schedule, the gear wilirotate faster-.than thegear 8land then the han-d 211 will move.counterclockwise number of steps whichis equal toithe' difference between the two schedules.

Figures 9 and l@ show a inodincatien wherein a perforated tape unit isusedior .pi'oducingthe impulses. visablewhen the pre-set productionschedule is .not uniform but varies. duringthe 1 "The, use .of a vtapeis always advlsablewhenthepreset schedule consists of ar time table orthei like. Il.The,perforated tape te which is shown in detail The use.of a perforated tape'` isadactuated by a clock similar to Figure 3. ATheshaft .843 shown `ien be. conveniently connected in Figure ll() is theclock ,33 ci in Figure 9 may i to. the yclock.-carrying 34 oijFigure 3.vAs shown in cwheel which projections engaging the holes tici thetape et(Fig. l0). .from a reel gure 9the shaft 84 drives a sprocket The tapeteunreels .iii and is wound upon a" lreeliZ, 'gure 9.

.shown in .The perfor-ations .8S upon the tapet 4are arranged inaccordance with a predetermined production schedule.

The operation ofthe device is apparent'from the above. rlhe tape 89 ismoved by the' sprocket wheel 83 between the conducting rings"-85-and186. As soonas a perforation hasfmovedibe- A.tween the two ringsand'iii, an 'electricalV circuit will be established including apositive's'ide of, a power source, rings 85 and, the line S61, the lineSe which is connected v'to ftheslinel Sl,

.the stepper coil "C 'ofr the",apparatus-#shownin Figure l, and backtothe negativeesideoithe power source. Consequentlyan -electrical-im-...pulsewill be emitted to the steppencoilC;y and y"the hand' 2 foftheindicator"shownlinl Figure 1 will be movedstepwise.

Thedeviceshown in Figures 11,- '1.2.1 and '13 is used when apre-setrejectschedule'varies-in -accordance with ythe probability curveandrw-here a 'product isinspected for more than `one-characteristc`asit` proceeds alongv the `inspeetionfline.

"In'other'worda this apparatus may be used when a single articleori-device isexaminedras to various characteristics such as-r improper;dimensions, improper color,l 1 improper construction, and so forth.Furthermore, the device might .be 1 used whendifferent percentages; ofrejects .are to be :.fconsider'ed, for example, avdevice; may takeaintoconsiderationthe f fact. that for the nrst `3,00r `units manufacturedtheacceptable reject,r percentage should -be,f.say, 10%,whileithereafter the .acceptablereject percentageshould-be 8%; 'and soforth.

wFor.. a compound reject characteristic). of ,this .anature'it:,is.advisable to employ a tapesystem provided .with a: tape 99,.'shown/inFigure 12. ThisA tapeten in. the vexample illustratedncomprises y"fourrows, `921,* 931, S341, yand 9514 ,of perforations ...21.83, 94; and 5.lAs already .stated, each row may yrepresent the normallywexpectedlnumber ofurejects dueto a specific characteristic.

'L The :perforations fe4-r-'l5 are, .disposed alongthe ftapelllaccordingtothe probability occurrence for :each characteristicfwhichis being inspected. @Assis ,apparentxin Figure l2, the. :perfor-ations-92 ...1in afsection ofy thef.row,92-may be locatedcloser engages thesprocket perforatons vlll of the tape lSli) (Fig. 12).

The sprocket wheelfet is connected-to astepping ratchet llllwhioh is'vmoved stepwise whenit is engaged bythe stepper arm mil. The ustepper armE00 is actuated'by stepper coilCT which is connectedr to thecontactsKland K2; shown in Figure 5. As already stated,'the contacts KI and K2areclosed momentarily each'time that a unit of production or an yarticleis brought onY the inspection line. .Thus the stepper coil CT will beenergized and will cause a stepwise movementof the sprocket '9.6 eachtimethe contacts vKl and K2 are closed.

As shown in Figure i3, the tapes() passes over a conducting ring'lZwhich is engaged` by a brush l03. Thin rings '9211; '9311, 34H andtll1are locatedon. the tapes@ and. are arranged above the perforation rowsl;S31, 941, 'and' respectively. The ringsr 921L to e511 `are Aengaged bybrushes '96,k S1, S8, (and lill, respectively. Conduits 'WL W2,"W3, andWe connect the brushes 96, v91, 98, and IUI tocontacts la,y 2c; 3a, and4a. These contacts are arranged circularly upon a dial and mayloe-engaged by a brush "H34 carried upon an arm |05.

The brush 103, engaging sleeve m2, is connected to the positive side ofa source of electrical energy. The brush H14 is connected totheenergizing coil TC' of a relay'T. VAn indicator |06 may be rmlyconnectedl tothe arm I-lll. It is apparent thatthe arm *m5 andthecontacts engaged thereby constitute a'schedule selector.

"The coil TC` 'of the relay T- is connectedto the negative ,side ,of a`source 'of` electrical energy and is also connected to contacts Tlwhich areconnected to a conduit L61.

The device is operated as follows:

Let'it be assumed that at a certain `location on an inspection line aproduct'is being inspected for a characteristicwhose reject probabilityis represented by perforations'BZ located uponithe row 92 of the tape'90. 'Ihen'the'operator turns the schedule selector arm "|05 sothat thebrush VHNI will be moved in ycontact with the contact 4a. As each unitis brought uponthe inspection line, thecontacts KI and K2 will beactuated and the stepper '96 will move stepwiseithe tape 90. As soon asone of the perforations S2 is moved between the sleeve |02 and thering'9211, a, circuit will be established which will include thepositive side of a power supply, the brush :m3, ring A.l.(l2, ring 9211,brush 96, line'W', contact lla, `brush T04,- contacts TI 'ofthe relayT,gthe'line L61 which is connected to the line S4 'of' Figure l,

`the coil'Cof Figure 1 and back to the `negative side of the powersupply.` Thus the coil will be .momentarily energized' and the-hand' 2'of the ,apparatus .of'Figure l will be moved one stepcounter-"clockwise TherelayT of'Figure 13 has aslight pick-up ,lagsothat it picks up only after the hand 2 of the lapparatus,shown `inFigure l has been moved 19 short impulse will be emitted to the steppercoil C of Figure l.

It is apparent that the arrangement of periorations upon each line maybe varied at depending upon any selected variable characI istics. Assoon as the units have been ena; according to one characteristic, theoperato energize another row by turning the arm lfl an-. thereby make itpossible to indicate rejects according to another characteristic.

It is apparent that the examples shown above were given solely by way ofillustration not by way oi limitation, and they are subject to manyvariations and modifications without ei:- ceeding the scope of thepresent invention. fill such variations and modifications are to beineluded within the scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:

I. In a computing and indicating system, the combination of a singleindicator for showing the diiference between a series of actualoccurrences and a theoretical schedule, a mechanism for step-wiseactuating said indicator in one direction, a mechanism for step-wiseactuating said indicator in the opposite direction, and means connectedwith one of said mechanisms for transmitting thereto electrical impulsesvariable in accordance with said series of actual occurrences; aschedule selector comprising an oscillatable arm, contacts engaged bysaid oscillatable arm in its two end positions, and means varying therelative positions of said contacts; means uniformly actuating saidoscillatable arm, means reversing the movement of said oscillatable armwhen it reaches any one of said end positions, and means transmitting anelectrical impulse to the other one of said mechanisms when said arm isin any one of said end positions, whereby the last-mentioned impulsesare transmitted according to an adjustable theoretical schedule.

2. In a computing and indicating system, the combination of a singleindicator for showing the difference between a series of actualoccurrences and atheoretical schedule, means transmitting to saidindicator electrical impulses variable in accordance with said series ofactual occurrences; a schedule selector comprising an oscillatable armand means varying the amplitude of oscillations of said arm, meansuniformly oscillating said arm, and means connected with thelast-mentioned means, said indicator and said selector for transmittingan electrical impulse to said indicator whenever the direction ofmovement of said oscillatable arm is reversed, whereby thelast-mentioned impulses are transmitted according the said theoreticalschedule.

3. In a computing and indicating system, a schedule selector foremitting a uniform series of electrical impulses representing atheoretical schedule, said selector comprising two contacts, meansvarying the relative positions of said contacts, an arm oscillatablebetween said contacts, means uniformly moving said arm from any one ofsaid contacts to the other, a relay connected with said means forreversing the movement of said arm when it reaches any one of saidcontacts, and means connected with said contacts and said relay foremitting an impulse when said arm reaches any one of said contacts.

4. In a computing and indicating system, a schedule selector foremitting a uniform series of electrical impulses representing atheoretical schedule, said selector comprising a scale, a con- 5 withtact fixed relatively to said scale, another contact movable to a seleted 'position upon said scale, an arm cscillatabie between saidcontacts, a conducting brush carried by said arm and adapted to engagesaid contacts, gears moving said arm in opposite directions, magneticclutches connected with said gears, a clocl; mechanism connected withone of said clutches, a relay connected "th said r'lutches and saidcontacts for alternately operating said clutches, and means connectedwith said contacts and said relay for emitting an impulse when said armreaches any one of said contacts.

5. In a computing and indicating system, a schedule selector foremitting a. uniform series of electrical impulses representing atheoretical schedule, said selector comprising a scale, a contact fixedrelatively to said scale, another contact movable to a selected positionupon said scale, an arm oscillatable between said contacts, a i :i byarm and adapted to engage said contacts, a shaft carrying said arm, agear upon said shaft, said gear being rotatable along with said shaftand said arm, two gears meshing i.. .'.t-h the dist-mentioned. gear,separate magnetic clutches connected with the two last-mentioned gears,two intermeshing gears connected with said clutches, a clock mechanismconnected with one of said two intermeshing gears, a relay connectedwith said clutches said contacts for alternately engaging a disengagingsaid clutches, and means connected with said contacts and said relay foremitting an impulse when said arm reaches any one of said contacts.

6. A schedule selector according to claim 5, comprising a pair ofcontacts, a make-and-break mechanism actuating the last-mentionedcontacts and actuated by said clock mechanism, im-

pulse-emitting means connected to the last-mentioned contacts, andspeedometer-actuated means connected to the other one of the twointermeshing gears.

7. A schedule selector according to claim 5, comprising an elongatedtape having perforations formed therein and disposed along the lengthor" the tape in accordance with a theoretical schedule, means actuatedby said clock mechanism for moving said tape, contacts located onopposite sides of said tape and adapted to be short-circuited when oneof said perforations is moved between them, and impulse-emitting meansconnected with the last-mentioned contacts actuated when thelast-mentioned contacts are short-circuited.

8. In a computing and indicating system, the combination or" a scheduleselector for emitting a uniform series of elec' ical impulses represent-3 1., ing a theoretical schedule, said selector comprising two contacts,means varying the relative p0- sitions of contacts, an arm osciliatablebetween said contacts, gears moving said arm in opposite irections,magnetic clutches connected aid gears, and a clock mechanism connecteowith one ci said clutches; with a clutchstepper coil-actuating relay, acontrol rethe first-mentioned relay comprising an energizing coilconnected with one of the selec- 70 tor contacts and one of saidclutches, a de-energising coil connected with the other one of saidclutches, contacts connected with said other clutch to energize it whensaid arm is in engagement with one of the selector contacts, con- 75tacts connected with said selector contacts and F.Zl emitting anaimpulsewhen said arml is in engagefment-with any one off said selectorcontacts, contacts connected with said energizing coil for -maintainingit energized aftersaid other clutch r4is."de-energized; thesecond-mentioned relay i :comprising a coil connectedwith theimpulseemitting contacts of the first-mentioned relay, and contactsconnected. with the clutch-energizing contacts of the rst-mentionedrelay,'and means supplying electrical current to the selector contactsand the two relays, whereby the `inst-mentioned relay operates the twoclutches .f and transmits said impulses while the secondmentioned relayretards the actuation of the inst-mentioned relay.

f9`. In a computing and indicating system, in combination withanindicator operated by the diierence between a first and second seriesof electrical impulses to show deviations from a reject percentage, adevice connected with said indicator for transmitting thereto a rstseries .of electrical impulses corresponding to the num- Lber of actualrejects, a counter of inspected ,units, a stepper, means connecting saidcounter with said stepper for moving said stepper stepwise in any one oftwo opposite directions whenever saidcounteris actuated, a scheduleselector comprising means for setting it manually to a 1. selectedreject percentage, means connecting said stepper with said scheduleselector for reversing the direction of movement of said stepper whenthe stepper was moved a number of steps corresponding to the number ofthe selected reject percentage, and impulse-transmitting meansconnecting the last-mentioned means with said indicator and actuatedwhen the direction of movement of said stepper is reversed fortransmitting the second series of electrical impulses to said indicator.

10. In a computing and indicating system, in combination with a scheduleselector comprising a plurality of contacts disposed to indicate anumber of reject percentages, said contacts including a Zero contact, amovable arm and a brush carried by said arm and adapted to engage anyone oi said contacts to indicate a selected reject percentage, a counterof inspected units, a stepper comprising a gear wheel, means moving saidgear wheel stepwise in one direction, means moving said gear wheelstepwise in the opposite direction, an arm, a plurality of contacts, thesecond-mentioned contacts including a Zero contact, and a brush carriedby the last-mentioned arm and adapted to engage any one of thelastmentioned contacts, the last-mentioned contacts being located inrelation to each other at distances from their zero contactcorresponding to numbers of steps equal to said numbers of rejectpercentages, a separate wire connecting each of the mst-mentionedcontacts to a separate second-mentioned contact, any lirst-inentionedcontact representing a certain number of reject percentageg beingconnected to a second-mentioned contact located the same number of stepsfrom the zero Contact, means connecting said counter selectively withone of the two wheel-moving means for actuating them whenever saidcounter is actuated, means connectedl with the last-mentioned means fordisengaging said counter from one of the wheel-moving means andconnecting it to the other wheel-moving means when the second-mentionedbrush is moved into engagement with the second-mentioned contactconnected to that nist-mentioned contact which is engaged by thenist-mentioned brush, and im- .menaces F22 pulse-.emittingwmeansconnected with saidxfconiftaetsi-aand actuated .when'engagements of: the.1.secondementioned;brush with the aforesaidseccondementoned:scontact`and with the secondmentioned-zero'contact take place.

x11'.y :In acomputing and indicating system fhav- 'inga'percentageselector, an impulse transmitter andI awfcounter of examined.-units, an. oscillator fp. fomprising azero contact and a pluralityofother liircontacta-each oi/said other oscillator` contacts.Hz-being;connected.r with said percentage selector wand-,adapted to, beselected by said percentage vselectorgan arm, ymeans connected with saidarm "iorsstcpwise" oscillating `the same between` said sciliator zeroContact and thefselected oscillator Loon-tact,y` a: relay; comprisingcontacts connected .f'i'vithfzthe oscillatcn contacts and said impulse:transmitter .for transmitting impulses when :said 'aiunlffengages 4anyone of the oscillator contacts, and contacts lconnected'with saidcounter Yof Aexamined: units, VVandfmeansI connected withr Athe-.lastementionedcontacts and the first-mentioned f means iorrmoving saidarmstepwise whenxsaid A(counter:.ofi-exan'iined units is actuatedandffor reversing the direction of thismovement .after ,thea-rmreaohesitheselected oscillator contact.

lZn'In arcomputing and indicating system havi, ing aspercentageselector,an impulse transmitter wand" counterfeiexamined units, an oscillator 30,:comprising a zero contactand a plurality of other 1.con,tacts;-eachfofsaid :other oscillatory contacts being connected with said percentageselector and adapted to be selected by said percentage selector, an arm,means connected with said arm for stepwise oscillating the same betweensaid oscillator zero contact and the selected oscillator contact, andthree relays, the first relay comprising contacts connected with theoscillator contacts and said impulse transmitter for transmittingimpulses when said arm engages any one of the oscillator contacts, andcontacts connected with said counter of examined units, the second relaycomprising contact means connected with the last-mentioned contacts ofthe rst relay and with the rst-mentioned means for moving said armstepwise when said counter of examined units is actuated and forreversing the direction of this movement after the arm reaches theselected oscillator contact, and when said counter of examined units isopen, the third relay having contact means connected with therst-mentioned contacts of the rst relay for maintaining the rst relayenergized while impulses are being transmitted to said impulsetransmitter.

13. In a computing and indicating system, a single indicator for showingthe diierence between a series of actual occurrences and a theoreticalschedule, said indicator comprising, in combination, two concentricallydisposed scales, a single hand movable back and forth over said scales,a gear wheel connected with said hand and rotatable therewith, anotherscale calibrated in larger units than said concentrical scales, a gearmechanism connecting said gear wheel with the second-mentioned hand formoving the second-mentioned hand one step after the rstmentioned handcompleted one revolution, and means connected with the rst-mentionedhand for illuminating one of the two concentrical scales when therst-mentioned hand has moved in one direction beyond a zero positionupon the two concentrical scales, and for illuminating the other one ofthe two concentrical scales when the first-mentioned hand has moved inthe opposite direction beyond said zero position.

14. In a computing and indicating system, the combination of a singleindicator for showing the difference between a series of actualoccurrences and a theoretical schedule, a mechanism for stepwiseactuating said indicator in one direction, a mechanism for stepwiseactuating said indicator in the opposite direction, and means connectedwith one of said mechanisms for transmitting thereto electrical impulsesvariable in accordance with said series or" actual occurrences; acompound rejects selector comprising an elongated tape having aplurality of rows of perforations formed therein and disposed along thelength of the tape in accordance with several different rejectcharacteristics, means for stepwise moving said tape each time a unit isinspected, separate contacts engaging each of said rows of perforations, means selectively energizing contacts engaging any o said rowsand means transmitting an electrical impulse to the other one of saidmechanisms when said tape is moved to bring a perforation in engagementwith the energized contacts, whereby the last-mentioned impulses aretransmitted according to an adjustable theoretical schedule.

15. In a computingr and indicating system, a compound rejects selectorcomprising an elongated tape having a plurality of rows of perforationsformed therein and disposed along the length of the tape in accordancewith several diierent reject characteristics, a sprocket Wheel 24engaging said tape for moving the same, means actuating said sprocketwheel each time a unit is inspected, a conducting sleeve engaging oneside of said tape, separate rings located on opposite sides of said tapeover said rows and adapted to engage said sleeve through saidperfora-tions, a schedule selector having a plurality of contacts, eachof said contacts being connected with a separate ring, an arm movableover said con- 10 tacts, a relay connected with said arm, andimpulse-transmitting means connected with said relay and energized whena perforation is in contact with that ring which is connected with thecontact engaged by said arm.

Cil

o References cited in the me of uns patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date g 45,157 Hoiman Nov. 22, 1864 2U 1,214,540 Greene Feb. s, 19171,377,844 McCutchen et al. May 10, 1921 2,283,993 Holz et al May 26,1942 2,302,081 Weitmann Nov. 17, 1942 2,333,758 Zenia et al. Nov. 9,1943 2v 2,569,840 waaien et ai. oct. 2, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS NumberCountry Date 435,624 Great Britain Sept. 25, 1935 30

